Annus Mirabilis Poem Analysis
"Annus Mirabilis" is a historical poem written by John Dryden in 1667. The title, which translates to "Year of Wonders" or "Year of Miracles" in Latin, refers to the year 1666, a pivotal year in English history marked by several significant events, including the Great Fire of London and the naval battles against the Dutch during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. The poem is written in quatrains (four-line stanzas) using the ABAB rhyme scheme.
Structure and form:
"Annus Mirabilis" consists of 304 quatrains, each comprising rhymed iambic pentameter lines. The use of quatrains provides the poem with a sense of order and stability, reflecting Dryden's attempt to make sense of the turbulent events of 1666. The choice of iambic pentameter adds a sense of formality and gravitas to the poem, highlighting its historical significance and emphasizing the monumental nature of the events it describes.
Themes:
Nationalism and patriotism: "Annus Mirabilis" reflects a strong sense of nationalism and patriotism. Dryden praises the resilience and strength of the English people during the tumultuous events of 1666, highlighting their determination to rebuild and recover from disaster. He also celebrates the naval victories against the Dutch, emphasizing the importance of England's maritime power and its role in asserting the nation's dominance on the world stage.
Divine providence and intervention: Throughout the poem, Dryden attributes the events of 1666 to divine providence, suggesting that the hand of God was at work in both the tragedies and the triumphs of the year. He portrays the Great Fire of London as a cleansing force, purging the city of its sins and paving the way for a new and improved London to rise from the ashes. Similarly, he sees the naval victories as evidence of divine favor, with God intervening on England's behalf to ensure its success.
The power of the monarchy: Dryden uses "Annus Mirabilis" to express his support for the monarchy and its role in guiding the nation through the challenges of 1666. He portrays King Charles II as a wise and capable leader, emphasizing his role in rebuilding the city after the Great Fire and in leading the English fleet to victory against the Dutch. By casting the king as a central figure in the events of the year, Dryden reinforces the idea of the monarchy as a stabilizing force and a symbol of national unity.
In summary, "Annus Mirabilis" is a historical poem by John Dryden that reflects on the tumultuous events of the year 1666, including the Great Fire of London and the naval battles of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. Written in quatrains and iambic pentameter, the poem explores themes of nationalism, divine providence, and the power of the monarchy. Dryden uses the poem to celebrate the resilience of the English people, to emphasize the nation's maritime power, and to express his support for the monarchy as a stabilizing force during a time of crisis.