Excelsior (Longfellow) Poem Analysis
The Ascent of the Human Spirit: Analyzing Longfellow's "Excelsior"Introduction
"Excelsior" is a notable poem written by the renowned American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow in 1841. As a revered figure in American literature, Longfellow's works often explore themes of perseverance, human nature, and the beauty of life. This article aims to analyze "Excelsior" by examining its themes, structure, and the poet's use of language to better understand its enduring appeal.
Thematic Exploration
"Excelsior" is a short narrative poem that tells the story of a young man's journey up a mountain, seeking a higher goal. As he faces various challenges and temptations, the poem highlights the following themes:
Perseverance and Ambition
The protagonist's unwavering determination to reach the summit reflects the Romantic ideal of perseverance and ambition. His constant battle against external obstacles and internal struggles mirrors the human quest for self-improvement and the pursuit of higher goals.
The Power of Nature
The poem's vivid descriptions of the natural landscape portray the power and majesty of nature. The mighty mountain serves as both a symbol of the obstacles that humans must overcome and a reminder of the insignificance of human beings in the face of nature's grandeur.
Mortality and Transience
The poem also delves into themes of mortality and transience. As the protagonist's journey becomes increasingly perilous, it highlights the fragile nature of human life and the inevitability of death. This theme is further emphasized in the poem's conclusion, where the protagonist's lifeless body is found, symbolizing the ultimate futility of earthly ambitions.
Structural and Stylistic Features
"Excelsior" is composed of nine quatrains, each following an ABAB rhyme scheme. This simple structure contributes to the poem's accessibility and appeal. Longfellow's use of anaphora, the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive lines, is evident in the recurring use of the word "Excelsior." This technique adds a rhythmic quality to the poem, reinforcing the protagonist's unyielding determination to ascend the mountain.
Language and Imagery
Longfellow's vivid language and imagery play a crucial role in bringing the poem's themes to life. The use of personification, such as "the shades of night" and "the mountain's heart," enhances the sense of conflict between the protagonist and the natural world. The poet also employs symbolism, as seen in the protagonist's banner, which bears the word "Excelsior," a Latin term meaning "ever upward" or "still higher." This symbol encapsulates the poem's central theme of striving for greatness and transcendence.
Conclusion
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "Excelsior" is a poignant exploration of human ambition, perseverance, and the power of nature. By examining the poem's themes, structure, and language, we gain a deeper appreciation for its timeless message of resilience and the pursuit of higher goals. Despite the protagonist's tragic fate, "Excelsior" remains an inspiring reminder of the indomitable human spirit and its relentless quest for growth and self-improvement.